ورقة مفاهيم Biology للصف الثالث الثانوي pdf 2026.. دليل وزارة التعليم الرسمي للطلاب

أعلنت وزارة التربية والتعليم والتعليم الفني تفاصيل ورقة مفاهيم Biology للصف الثالث الثانوي 2026 لمساعدة طلاب شعبة لغات في امتحانات شهادة الثانوية العامة وتوفير الدعم التعليمي الشامل لهم، وذلك لتنظيم عملية الامتحانات والتسهيل على الطلاب في معرفة المصطلحات الهامة.

ورقة مفاهيم أحياء لغات تالتة ثانوي 2026

تبدأ المدارس الثانوية في تعميم المحتوى التعليمي الرسمي الصادر عن الوزارة، والذي يهدف إلى تنظيم المراجعات النهائية وتسهيل استيعاب المصطلحات العلمية المعقدة في امتحانات نهاية العام الدراسي. وينقسم المحتوى المنشور في الكتيب التعليمي إلى عدة محاور رئيسية تغطي جوانب الدعم والحركة في الكائنات الحية، بالإضافة إلى تفريغ شامل للمعلومات التشريحية الواردة في الوثائق الرسمية على النحو التالي:

Summary Ch. (1) Support and movement in living organisms
Support in the plants
1- Physiological support Due to the presence of water in the cell vacuoles
2- Structural support Due to the presence of deposition of some materials on the cell wall
The human skeletal system
The human skeletal system consists of skeleton, cartilage, joints, ligaments and tendons.
Firstly: The skeleton
It is divided into Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton.
The Axial skeletal system (Vertebral column - Skull - Thoracic cage)
1) The vertebral column (33 vertebrae)
Cervical: Location: Neck region / Size: Moderate / No.: 7
Thoracic: Location: Chest region / Size: Large / No.: 12
Lumber: Location: Abdominal region / Size: The biggest / No.: 5
Sacral: Location: Below lumber / Size: Broad, flat & fused / No.: (5)
Coccyx: Location: Below sacral / Size: Small & fused / No.: (4)

Structure of the vertebra:
It is formed of an anterior thick part called Centrum, at both sides of the Centrum there are two transversal processes, at the dorsal side of the Centrum there is a ring bone called neural arc, through which the spinal cord runs and carries a neural spine.
2) The skull (Cranium)
It is formed of 2 main parts:
1- The cerebral part consists of 8 bones connected together at the outer part by sutures and contains a big foramen (hole) through which the spinal cord is connected to the brain.
2- The facial part includes facial bones, the two jaws, and the positions of sense organs.
3) The thoracic cage
It is formed of 12 thoracic vertebrae, sternum & 12 pairs of ribs.
All the 12 pairs of ribs are connected to the thoracic vertebra posteriorly.
The upper 10 pairs only are connected to the sternum anteriorly, but the two lower pairs are short and do not reach the sternum so, they called floating ribs.
The sternum is a flat bone pointed at its lower part, is cartilage.
The rib is a curved bone attached to the vertebra at its centrum & its transverse process. The ribs move by the help of the intercostal muscles interiorly & laterally to increase the thoracic cavity during inhalation and vice versa during expiration.
The Appendicular skeletal system
(Two Girdles (Pectoral & Pelvic) and four limbs)
The Pectoral girdle (Shoulder) consists of two identical halves, Each half consists of scapula and clavicle bone.
Scapula is a triangular bone, its inner end is broad, the outer end is pointed, the scapula has a cavity called glenoid cavity to form shoulder joint with the fore limbs.
The fore limbs
Each fore limb has The Upper arm (humerus) and Lower arm (radius and ulna).
The humerus fits in a depression of the ulna.
The radius is smaller and rotates round the fixed ulna.
The wrist consists of two rows of eight bones called carpals.
The upper ends are attached to the lower part of the radius, while their lower ends are attached to the bones of the hand (palm) which consists of long thin bones called metacarpals followed by five digits each is made of three phalanges except the thumb, which consists of two phalanges only.
The pelvic girdle consists of two identical halves fused at the ventral side at the pubic symphysis.
Each half consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis.
The hind limbs
Each hind (lower) limb consists of thigh, shank, the ankle, and the foot.
a) Thigh bone is supported by femur.
b) Shank, supported by 2 bones, inner tibia and outer fibula.
The end of femur articulate with the shank at the knee joint.
Patella is a circular bone in front of the knee joint.
The ankle consists of seven tarsals; the heel is the largest one.
The foot has five metatarsals, which are long and thin and end with 5 toes each has 3 phalanges except the big toe which has 2 phalanges.
Secondly: Cartilages
They are a type of connective tissues, made of cartilaginous cells and located usually at the tips of the bones especially at the joints and between the vertebra of the vertebral column to protect the bones against the corrosion due to its continues friction.
Thirdly: Joints
1- Fibrous joints: Most of them are immovable joints, as that connect the bones of skull together through its serrated tips.
2- Cartilaginous joints: They allow a very limited movement like the cartilages between the vertebra of the vertebral column.
3- Synovial joints: represents most of body joints, From the examples of synovial joints:
Elbow joint and Knee joint which considered as a limited movement joints because it allow the movement of one bone in one direction only.
Shoulder joint and Hip joint, They are wide movement joints which allow the movement of bones in many directions.
Fourthly: Ligaments
They are separated bundles of fibrous connective tissue, its tips are fixed on the two bones of the joint, and work to link the bones with each other at the joints and determine its movement.