ورقة مفاهيم Geology للصف الثالث الثانوي 2026.. جاهز للتحميل بصيغة pdf

أعلنت وزارة التربية والتعليم والتعليم الفني إتاحة ورقة مفاهيم Geology للصف الثالث الثانوي لتسهيل المراجعات النهائية لطلاب شهادة الثانوية العامة بشعبة العلوم. وتهدف هذه الخطوة إلى مساعدة الطلاب في استيعاب كافة المفاهيم والمصطلحات العلمية الخاصة بمادة الجيولوجيا والعلوم البيئية بشكل منظم ودقيق يضمن تحقيق أعلى الدرجات في الامتحانات المدرسية.

ورقة مفاهيم جيولوجيا لغات تالتة ثانوي 2026

توفر المادة العلمية المرفقة دليلا شاملا لجميع الأقسام والفروع الجيولوجية الأساسية التي يتضمنها المنهج الوزاري المعتمد، حيث تشتمل على تفصيل دقيق لمكونات كوكب الأرض والخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية للأغلفة المختلفة المحيطة به، مما يساعد الطلاب على فهم الظواهر الطبيعية وبنية القشرة الأرضية بأسلوب علمي رصين ومبسط.
وفيما يلي التفريغ الكامل والدقيق لما ورد في أوراق المفاهيم الرسمية المخصصة لطلاب مدارس اللغات:

GEOLOGY AND THE MATERIAL OF THE EARTH
Geology (Earth science is the science which deals with everything has relationship with Earth, its components, its movements, its history, its phenomena and its wealth . It explains all the geological phenomena.

Different Branches of Geology:
Physical Geology: concerned with the external and internal processes affecting the rock of Earth's crust.
Mineralogy and crystallography: is concerned with the study of minerals, their physical and chemical properties and the forms of their crystal systems.
Hydrogeology: is related to whatever concerns groundwater aquifers, supply and withdrawal and use of water in agriculture and land reclamation.
Structural Geology: deals with the different structures, which exist on rocks resulting from the effect of both external and internal forces that continually work with variable degrees of forces on Earth's crust.
Stratigraphy: deals with the rules and conditions that govern the formation of the layers and the sites of deposition after weathering and transportation by different natural factors.
Paleontology: deals with studies of fossils and the remains of living organisms, that characterize the sedimentary rocks, by which we can determine the geologic age and environmental conditions.
Geochemistry: deals with the study the chemical structure for minerals and rocks, distribution of elements and determine the type and ratio of mineral ore in the Earth crust.
Engineering Geology: is the branch which deals with the study of mechanical and geometrical properties of rocks in order to establish the different engineering structures such as dams, tunnels, giant bridges and skyscrapers and towers.
Petroleum Geology: deals with all processes concerning the formation of oil or gas, their migration and accumulation in reservoirs rocks.
Geophysics: is the branch which deals with the exploration of oil traps, ore deposits and ground water using physical sensitive sets.
The importance of Geology in our life:
The most important benefits of Geology:
Prospection for mineral ores as gold, iron, silver and others.
Discovering the different energy resources as coal, oil, natural gas and radioactive minerals.
Searching about building materials as limestone, shale, marble, gypsum and others.
Help in planning for habitation projects as building new cities, dams, tunnels and establishment of safe districts from the dangers and disasters.
Search of raw materials used in many chemical industries as sodium, sulphur, chlorine that necessary for manufactures of fertilizers, insecticides and drugs.
Exploration of sources of groundwater for the new reclaimed areas .
Geology plays an important role in the success of military operations.
Components of the Earth planet
The earth crust:
A thin sphere of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
The earth crust is divided into continental crust ( sial ) and oceanic crust ( sima ).
It's in state of equilibrium in spite of difference in density of the rocks of these two crusts.
Continental crust:
Thickness: About 60 km. in continents
Components: Granitic sial rocks
Mineral composition: Silica 70% and aluminum
Oceanic crust:
Thickness: 8 – 12 km. below seas and oceans
Components: Sima basaltic rocks
Mineral composition: Silica 45% and magnesium
The mantle:
The volume of the mantle : more than 80% ( 4/5 ) of the volume of the earth rocks.
The thickness of mantle : 2900 km.
The mantle consists of solid rocks of Fe, Mg and Si oxides except the upper part (The asthenosphere).
The asthenosphere : The upper part of the mantle ( 350 km. thickness ) which is partially molten and elastic rocks which behave as fluids under certain conditions resulting from pressure and temperature that allow for the spread of convection currents which permits the drifting of the continents above .
The core:
The core volume : one sixth of earth volume ( 16.7% ) .
The core mass : one third of earth mass as it consists of sense materials .
The core radius : 3486 km.
The pressure in the core : reaches millions of atmospheric pressure .
The core temperature : more than 5000 °C.
( a ) The core is divided into outer molten core and inner solid one .
( b ) Explaining the earth magnetic field : scientists were able to explain the origin of the magnetic field of Earth may be generated from the presence of outer core that composed of molten material revolves around the rocky solid inner core.
Outer core:
Thickness: 2100 km.
Components: Molten Fe , Ni at 3 million atm.
density: 10 gm/cm³
Inner core:
Thickness: 1386 km.
Components: High density solid rocks
density: 14 gm/cm³
The atmosphere:
Both air density and atmospheric pressure decrease upward to be low as one half of its value for every 5.5 km high till it vanished at higher altitude.
The ratio of Oxygen decreases upward so we feel suffocation at high altitude.
The hydrosphere:
The sea level : is the level of the hydrosphere surrounding the earth from all directions and is internationally recognized and all heights of different topographical features are attributed to such as mountains, plains, plateaus, valleys and others features that forming the rocks of earth's crust .
The geological structure :
All types of rocks constituting the crustal material of the earth, particularly the sedimentary rocks never stay as they have been deposited but subjected from time to time to internal and external forces that make the rocks take new forms and situations. These forms what are known as geological structures.
Types of geological structure
( 1 ) Primary geological structures :
These type of structures, remains in rocks of the crust under the influence of climatic and environmental conditions such as drought, heat and the effect of wind and water currents ...etc.